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    N-400 Citizenship Application

What Is the N-400 Citizenship Application?

The N-400 citizenship application is a formal request submitted to USCIS to apply for naturalization, the process of becoming a U.S. citizen. This form is used by lawful permanent residents (LPRs) who meet specific residency, physical presence, and good moral character requirements. The N-400 process involves submitting detailed personal information, undergoing background checks, attending an interview, and passing English and civics tests. Upon approval, you’ll take the Oath of Allegiance, officially becoming a U.S. citizen.

Naturalization through Form N-400 is a significant milestone. It grants you the same rights as U.S.-born citizens, such as voting in federal elections and serving on a jury, while also providing the ability to petition for family members to join you in the U.S. more quickly. However, the process requires careful preparation to avoid delays or denials. USA Visa Now can assist you in navigating each step, ensuring your application meets USCIS standards.

Eligibility for the N-400 Application

To file Form N-400, you must meet specific eligibility criteria set by USCIS. These requirements ensure you’ve established a stable presence in the U.S. and demonstrate a commitment to the country’s values.

Who Can File Form N-400?

Form N-400 is intended for lawful permanent residents who have held a green card for a certain period and meet other conditions. The main eligibility categories include:

General Residency Requirement

You’ve been a permanent resident for at least 5 years (or 3 years if married to a U.S. citizen) and meet all other requirements.

Military Service Members

You’re a member of the U.S. armed forces and qualify for expedited naturalization under special provisions.

Spouses of U.S. Citizens Living Abroad:

You’re the spouse of a U.S. citizen employed abroad by the U.S. government or a qualifying organization, with specific exemptions.

Key Eligibility Requirements

To qualify for naturalization, you must satisfy several conditions related to residency, physical presence, and character. These include:

Residency

You must have been a permanent resident for at least 5 years (or 3 years if married to a U.S. citizen). During this time, you must have lived in the U.S. as your primary residence.

Physical Presence

You must have been physically present in the U.S. for at least 30 months out of the last 5 years (or 18 months out of the last 3 years if married to a U.S. citizen). Absences of 6 months or more may disrupt your continuous residence unless you can prove otherwise.

Good Moral Character

You must demonstrate good moral character during the required residency period. Certain criminal convictions, such as aggravated felonies, or issues like fraud or failure to pay taxes, can disqualify you.

English and Civics Knowledge

You must be able to read, write, and speak basic English and pass a civics test about U.S. history and government, unless you qualify for an exemption (e.g., due to age or disability).

Oath of Allegiance

You must be willing to take the Oath of Allegiance, pledging loyalty to the U.S. and agreeing to support its Constitution.

Special provisions exist for certain applicants, such as those over 50 who have lived in the U.S. for 20 years as permanent residents, who may be exempt from the English test. Military members may also have reduced residency requirements.

Application Process

The N-400 application process involves several steps, from filing the form to taking the Oath of Allegiance. Below, we outline the process to help you prepare effectively.
N-400 Citizenship Application

Complete Form N-400

Fill out and submit Form N-400 to USCIS, either online or by mail. The form requires detailed information about your background, residency, travel history, and moral character. Ensure accuracy, as errors can lead to delays or denials.

Gather Supporting Documents

Prepare documentation to support your application. This includes a copy of your green card, passport-style photos, and any additional evidence, such as tax returns or marriage certificates, if applying based on marriage to a U.S. citizen. All foreign-language documents need certified English translations.

Submit Biometrics

USCIS will schedule a biometrics appointment at a local Application Support Center (ASC). They’ll collect your fingerprints, photograph, and signature for background checks to verify your identity and ensure you have no disqualifying criminal history.

Attend the Interview

USCIS will schedule a naturalization interview where an officer will review your application, test your English and civics knowledge, and ask about your background. Be prepared to answer questions about your application and demonstrate your eligibility.

Receive a Decision and Take the Oath

After the interview, USCIS will issue a decision. If approved, you’ll be scheduled for a naturalization ceremony to take the Oath of Allegiance, officially becoming a U.S. citizen. If denied, you can appeal or refile. Processing typically takes 6 to 12 months, depending on USCIS backlogs.

Form N-400 Attorney Fees

We provide professional legal support for your U.S. Citizenship application, ensuring accuracy and timely submission of your N-400 petition.

  • Attorney Fee: $1,495

How to Get Started – Simple 3-Step Process

  1. Request a Retainer
    Fill out a quick form to request your N-400 Retainer Agreement and get started.
    Request Retainer Agreement

  2. Sign and Begin
    Once we receive the signed agreement and fee, you’ll access your secure client portal to complete your questionnaire and upload documents.

  3. We Handle the Filing
    We’ll prepare your N-400 application, send it for signature, and file it with USCIS. Our team monitors your case and provides updates until approval.

  • Form N-400: $760 (paper) or $710 (online)
  • Reduced Fee: $380 (if household income is 150%–400% of Federal Poverty Guidelines, paper only)
  • Fee Waiver: $0 (if eligible, e.g., financial hardship with Form I-912, paper only)
  • Form N-400: The completed application form, filed online or by mail.
  • Copy of Your Green Card: A copy of the front and back of your permanent resident card.
  • Two Passport-Style Photos: 2×2 inches, meeting USCIS specifications (white background, no glasses).
  • Evidence of Marital Status (if applicable): A marriage certificate if applying based on marriage to a U.S. citizen, or divorce decrees if previously married.
  • Additional Documents (if applicable): Tax returns, court records (if you have a criminal history), or military service records for military applicants.
N-400 Application Process

Common Challenges and How to Avoid Them

The N-400 process can present challenges that may delay approval or lead to denial. Being prepared can help you avoid these issues.

Criminal History Issues

A criminal record, especially for serious crimes like aggravated felonies, can disqualify you from naturalization. Even minor offenses can raise concerns about your moral character. An attorney can help address these issues before applying.

Failing the English or Civics Test

If you fail the English or civics test during the interview, USCIS will give you a second chance within 60–90 days. Not preparing adequately can lead to delays. USA Visa Now can provide resources to help you study and pass.

Continuous Residence Disruptions

Absences from the U.S. for 6 months or more can break your continuous residence, potentially resetting your eligibility clock. Documenting ties to the U.S., like a job or family, can help mitigate this risk.

Incomplete or Inaccurate Application

Errors or missing information on Form N-400 can lead to a Request for Evidence (RFE) or denial. Double-check all details, especially travel history and criminal records, to ensure accuracy.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I travel outside the U.S. while my N-400 is pending?

Yes, but you must maintain your continuous residence requirement. Short trips are generally fine, but trips longer than six months can disrupt your eligibility unless you obtain special permission.

What happens if I fail the civics or English test?

USCIS allows one retake. You will be scheduled for a second interview, usually within 60 to 90 days of the initial exam.

Can I file Form N-400 with a criminal record?

Possibly. Minor offenses may not disqualify you, but serious crimes can bar naturalization. It is critical to consult with an immigration attorney if you have any criminal history.

Can I change my legal name during the naturalization process?

Yes, you can request a name change during your citizenship application. This is typically finalized during your naturalization ceremony if a judge is present.

Do I need a lawyer to file Form N-400?

While not required, hiring an experienced immigration attorney can help ensure your application is complete, accurate, and avoids costly delays — especially if you have complicated immigration or legal history.

Do I need to bring anything to the citizenship interview?

Yes. Bring originals of all documents you submitted with your application, your appointment notice, government-issued photo ID, and any updated documents (such as a new green card if you renewed it during the process).

Can I apply for a fee waiver when filing Form N-400?

Yes. If you demonstrate that your household income is below 150% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines, or if you receive certain public benefits, you may be eligible for a fee waiver or a reduced fee using Form I-912.

What happens after I take the Oath of Allegiance?

You become a U.S. citizen immediately after taking the Oath. You will receive a Certificate of Naturalization at the ceremony, and you can then apply for a U.S. passport and update your Social Security record.

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